FF-SRS5935G
FF-SRS5935G
FF-SRS5935G
3.PLC控制系统中电磁干扰的主要来源有哪些呢?
(1)来自空间的辐射干扰
空间的辐射电磁场(EMI)主要是由电力网络、电气设备的暂态过程、雷电、电广播、电视、雷达、高频感应加热设备等产生的,通常称为辐射干扰,其分布极为复杂。若PLC系统置于所射频场内,就回收到辐射干扰,其影响主要通过两条路径;一是直接对PLC内部的辐射,由电路感应产生干扰;而是对PLC通信内网络的辐射,由通信线路的感应引入干扰。辐射干扰与现场设备布置及设备所产生的电磁场大小,特别是频率有关,一般通过设置电缆和PLC局部及高压泄放元件进行保护。
(2)来自系统外引线的干扰
主要通过电源和信号线引入,通常称为传导干扰。这种干扰在我国工业现场较严重。
(3)来自电源的干扰
实践证明,因电源引入的干扰造成PLC控制系统故障的情况很多,笔者在某工程调试中遇到过,后更换隔离性能更高的PLC电源,问题才得到解决。
PLC系统的正常供电电源均由电网供电。由于电网覆盖范围广,将受到所有空间电磁干扰而路上感应电压和电路。尤其是电网内部的变化,入开关操作浪涌、大型电力设备起停、交直流转动装置引起的谐波、电网短路暂态冲击等,都通过输电线路到电源边。PLC电源通常采用隔离电源,但其机构及制造工艺因素使其隔离性并不理想。实际上,由于分布参数特别是分布电容的存在,隔离是不可能的。
(4)来自信号线引入的干扰
与PLC控制系统连接的各类信号传输线,除了传输有效的各类信号之外,总会有外部干扰信号侵入。此干扰主要有两种途径:一是通过变送器或共用信号仪表的供电电源串入的电网干扰,这往往被忽略;二是信号线受空间电磁辐射感应的干扰,即信号线上的外部感应干扰,这是很严重的。由信号引入干扰会引起I/O信号工作异常和测量精度大大降低,严重时将引起元器件损伤。对于隔离性能差的系统,还将导致信号间互相干扰,引起共地系统总线回流,造成逻辑数据变化、误动和死机。PLC控制系统因信号引入干扰造成I/O模件损坏数相当严重,由此引起系统故障的情况也很多。
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